What is Variable In C Language?
Variable in C language?
· Variable is
nothing but a term used to represent the name assigned to available memory
cell in Memory.
· We use
different types of data in our program and to store them we use memory cell but
it’s hard to understand in which memory cell data is stored; therefor to
identify and to access specific memory cell we give it a name which is known as
Variable name.
· Value hold
by variable is changeable it is not fixed.
· Variable is
nothing but identifier which means variable can be defined as per user wish but
following some conventions for it.
· Whenever we required data we stored at
particular memory location; we can access that data/values with the help of
variable name.
· We can
perform different type operations like addition, subtraction and other using
different variables which hold different values.
·
There are two steps to use variable name:-
o Variable Declaration:-
§ It is
nothing but a declaration of variable which tells compiler that we are using
this particular variable in our C program.
§ Syntax -
data_type variable_name;
§ Ex – int
number;
§ Here we
have declared integer type of variable whose name is number.
o Variable
Initialization:-
§ It is
nothing but a way of assigning the value to our newly declared variable at the very first time.
§ This way we
are putting some value inside our newly created variable.
§ We can
assign or change value of variable many times as we want that’s how variable
differ from Constant.
§ We will see
constant after variable topics.
§ Syntax:-
Data_type Variable_name=value;
§ Ex:- int
number=3;
§ Here in
above example we are assigning value 3 to variable number (memory cell).
·
There are 6 types of variable in C Language which are
given below:-
1. Local
Variable:-Local variable are the variables which are declare inside function
body.
§ Ex:- void
abc()
{
Int a=3; //local variable
}
§ You must
have to initialize the local variable before it is used.
2. Global
Variable:-
§ A variable
which is declare outside function is called as Global variable.
§ Any
function can change values of global variable.
§ Ex :- int value=30;//global variable
void abc()
{
int x=1;//local variable
}
3. Static
Variable:-
§ We use
static keyword to use static variable.
§ Once static
variable get initialized by some value it get access by any function and if its
value get modified then it will remain with same value last time modified or
assign.
§ Ex:- void abc()
{
int a=1; //local variable
static int b=7; //static variable
a=a+1;
b=b+1;
printf("%d,%d",x,y);
}
4. Automatic
Variable:-
§ All
variable we declare in any C Program are Automatic variable by default.
§ We can
declare them explicitly using auto keyword.
§ Ex:- void main()
{
int i=2;//local variable (also automatic)
auto int j=4;//automatic variable
}
5. External
Variable:-
§ If we
wanted to share any variable with multiple source file then we have to use
External variables.
§ We can
declare external variable by declaring them using extern keyword.
§ Ex:- extra.h
extern
int x=10; // external variable
abc.c
#include
“extra.h”
Void
abc()
{
Print(“value of external variable is = %d”,x);
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